Estimation of modal parameters ofcivil structures from frequency response function

Este trabajo se centra en estimar los parámetros modales del sistema dinámico que constituye la pasarela peatonal del Museo de la Ciencia de la ciudad de Valladolid (Spain). El trabajo consiste no sólo en calcular frecuencias propias o naturales y factores de amortiguamiento asociados a cada uno de los modos estimados, como proporcionan muchos programas comerciales a partir de los registros de aceleraciones de ensayos OMA (Operational Modal Analysis) y/o EMA (Experimental Modal Analysis), sino que el objetivo de este articulo es calcular las masas generalizadas correspondientes a cada uno de los modos estimados de la estructura. Para ello, en primer lugar se obtiene una representación del sistema dinámico en el espacio de estados mediante la técnica SSI (Stochastic Subspace Identification), y en segundo lugar se escalan los modos de vibración a partir de la estimación de los residuos de la descomposición en fracciones parciales de la función de respuesta en frecuencia (FRF) de las mediciones. Con este método se consiguen obtener buenas precisiones en los resultados, siempre que se consigan excitar los modos de vibración de los que queramos estimar los parámetros, lo que nos permite simular la respuesta dinámica de la estructura sin tener que recurrir a otros procedimientos como la actualización de un modelo de elementos finitos de la estructura en estudio.This paper focuses on estimating the modal parameters of the dynamic system that constitutes the pedestrian footbridge of the Science Museum of the city of Valladolid (Spain). The work consists not only of calculating natural frequencies and damping factors associated to each of the estimated modes, as many commercial software provide from acceleration measurements of tests OMA (Operational Modal Analysis) and/or EMA (Experimental modal Analysis), but the aim of this paper is to calculate the generalized masses corresponding to each of the estimated modes of the structure. For this purpose, firstly a representation of the dynamic system is obtained in the state space by SSI technique (Stochastic Subspace Identification), and secondly, vibration modes are scaled from the estimation of the residues of the decomposition in partial fractions of the frequency response function (FRF) measurements. This method gets accurate estimations in the results whose vibration modes are excited, allowing the simulation of the dynamic response of the structure without the need for updating a finite element model of the structure under study.Peer Reviewe

Estimation of modal masses for an in-service structure by transformation in the state space

Este trabajo se centra en presentar una metodología práctica para estimar los parámetros modales de estructuras en uso y se aplica a la pasarela peatonal del Museo de Ciencia de la ciudad de Valladolid, España. El trabajo consiste no sólo en calcular frecuencias propias y factores de amortiguamiento asociados a cada uno de los modos estimados, como proporcionan muchos programas comerciales a partir de los registros de aceleraciones de ensayos OMA (Operational Modal Analysis ) y/o EMA (Experimental Modal Analysis ), sino también calcular las masas generalizadas correspondientes a cada uno de los modos estimados de la estructura. Para ello, en primer lugar se obtiene una representación del sistema dinámico en el espacio de estados mediante la técnica SSI (Stochastic Subspace Identification ) y en segundo lugar, mediante la adecuada matriz de transformación se llega a la representación que permite identificar los parámetros físicos del sistema (matrices de masa, amortiguamiento y rigidez), lo que permite obtener masas modales y/o modos normalizados respecto de la matriz de masa, principal novedad de la metodología propuesta.This paper focuses on estimating the modal parameters of in-service infrastructures, applied to the pedestrian footbridge of the Science Museum of the city of Valladolid (Spain). The work consists not only on determining natural frequencies and damping factors associated to each of the estimated modes, as many commercial software provide from acceleration measurements through OMA (Operational Modal Analysis ) and/or EMA (Experimental modal Analysis ), but also to calculate the generalized masses corresponding to each of the estimated modes of the structure. For this purpose, firstly a dynamic representation of the system is obtained in the state space by SSI technique (Stochastic Subspace Identification ) and secondly, by the appropriate transformation matrix, it leads to the representation that identifies the physical parameters of the system (matrices of mass, damping and stiffness), which allows to obtain modal masses and/or normalized mode shapes with respect to the mass matrix, which is the main contribution of the practical methodology presented in this paper.Peer Reviewe

Multi-wavelength characterisation of z~2 clustered, dusty star forming galaxies discovered by Planck

(abridged) We report the discovery of PHz G95.5-61.6, a complex structure detected in emission in the Planck all-sky survey that corresponds to two over-densities of high-redshift galaxies. This is the first source from the Planck catalogue of high-z candidates that has been completely characterised with follow-up observations from the optical to the sub-millimetre domain. Herschel/SPIRE observations at 250, 350 and 500 microns reveal the existence of five sources producing a 500 microns emission excess that spatially corresponds to the candidate proto-clusters discovered by Planck. Further observations at CFHT in the optical bands (g and i) and in the near infrared (J, H and K_s), plus mid infrared observations with IRAC/Spitzer (at 3.6 and 4.5 microns) confirm that the sub-mm red excess is associated with an over-density of colour-selected galaxies. Follow-up spectroscopy of 13 galaxies with VLT/X-Shooter establishes the existence of two high-z structures: one at z~1.7 (three confirmed member galaxies), the other at z~2.0 (six confirmed members). This double structure is also seen in the photometric redshift analysis of a sample of 127 galaxies located inside a circular region of 1'-radius containing the five Herschel/SPIRE sources, where we found a double-peaked excess of galaxies at z~1.7 and z~2.0 with respect to the surrounding region. These results suggest that PHz G95.5-61.6 corresponds to two accreting nodes, not physically linked to one another, embedded in the large scale structure of the Universe at z~2 and along the same line-of-sight. In conclusion, the data, methods and results illustrated in this pilot project confirm that Planck data can be used to detect the emission from clustered, dusty star forming galaxies at high-z, and, thus, to pierce through the early growth of cluster-scale structures.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Evidence for enhanced convection of North Pacific Intermediate Water to the low-latitude Pacific under glacial conditions

We provide high-resolution foraminiferal stable carbon isotope (δ13C) records from the subarctic Pacific and Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP) to investigate circulation dynamics between the extra-tropical and tropical North Pacific during the past 60 kyr. We measured the δ13C composition of the epibenthic foraminiferal species Cibicides lobatulus from a shallow sediment core recovered from the western Bering Sea (SO201-2-101KL; 58°52.52’N, 170°41.45’E; 630 m water depth) to reconstruct past ventilation changes close to the source region of Glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water (GNPIW). Information regarding glacial changes in the δ13C of sub-thermocline water masses in the EEP is derived from the deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera Globorotaloides hexagonus at ODP Site 1240 (00°01.31’N, 82°27.76’W; 2921 m water depth). Apparent similarities in the long-term evolution of δ13C between GNPIW, intermediate waters in the eastern tropical North Pacific and sub-thermocline water masses in the EEP suggest the expansion of relatively 13C-depleted, nutrient-enriched, and northern-sourced intermediate waters to the equatorial Pacific under glacial conditions. Further, it appears that additional influence of GNPIW to the tropical Pacific is consistent with changes in nutrient distribution and biological productivity in surface-waters of the glacial EEP. Our findings highlight potential links between North Pacific mid-depth circulation changes, nutrient cycling, and biological productivity in the equatorial Pacific under glacial boundary conditions

Examining the role of wine brand love on brand loyalty: a multi-country comparison

This study develops and tests a model through a multi-country study that considers consumer wine knowledge and wine experience, wine brand trust and wine brand satisfaction as antecedents of wine brand love, and wine brand loyalty as a consequence of wine brand love. Data were collected in five wine-producing countries (Australia, Chile, France, Mexico and Portugal) with a final sample of 3462 completed surveys. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling and the findings confirm the importance of brand love as both a mediator and direct influence on brand loyalty for wine consumers. Furthermore, brand satisfaction was positively and significantly related to brand love. In addition, wine experience, rather than wine knowledge, positively influenced brand trust and satisfaction. Finally, results also identify differences between countries thereby providing insights into how companies should focus their marketing strategies internationally.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Are spurred cyathia a key innovation? Molecular systematics and trait evolution in the slipper spurges (Pedilanthus clade: Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141662/1/ajb20493.pd

Amplification curve analysis: Data-driven multiplexing using real-time digital PCR

Information about the kinetics of PCR reactions are encoded in the amplification curve. However, in digital PCR (dPCR), this information is typically neglected by collapsing each amplification curve into a binary output (positive/negative). Here, we demonstrate that the large volume of raw data obtained from realtime dPCR instruments can be exploited to perform data-driven multiplexing in a single fluorescent channel using machine learning methods, by virtue of the information in the amplification curve. This new approach, referred to as amplification curve analysis (ACA), was shown using an intercalating dye (EvaGreen), reducing the cost and complexity of the assay and enabling the use of melting curve analysis for validation. As a case study, we multiplexed 3 carbapenem-resistant genes to show the impact of this approach on global challenges such as antimicrobial resistance. In the presence of single targets, we report a classification accuracy of 99.1% (N = 16188) which represents a 19.7% increase compared to multiplexing based on the final fluorescent intensity. Considering all combinations of amplification events (including coamplifications), the accuracy was shown to be 92.9% (N = 10383). To support the analysis, we derived a formula to estimate the occurrence of co-amplification in dPCR based on multivariate Poisson statistics, and suggest reducing the digital occupancy in the case of multiple targets in the same digital panel. The ACA approach takes a step towards maximizing the capabilities of existing real-time dPCR instruments and chemistries, by extracting more information from data to enable data-driven multiplexing with high accuracy. Furthermore, we expect that combining this method with existing probe-based assays will increase multiplexing capabilities significantly. We envision that once emerging point-of-care technologies can reliably capture real-time data from isothermal chemistries, the ACA method will facilitate the implementation of dPCR outside of the lab

The toxicity and intraspecific variability of Alexandrium andersonii Balech

The toxicity of Alexandrium andersonii Balech is unclear and its intraspecific variability has yet to be studied. To address these gaps in our knowledge, in the present work five strains of A. andersonii from four different localities were characterized. The results showed that despite genetic homogeneity in the 5.8-ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and large subunit (LSU) regions and similar growth rates, strains originating from different locations varied with respect to cell size, the ratios of certain pigments, and their growth patterns. Cultures of the strains grown at 20 8C were analyzed for toxicity using four different methodologies. The two officially established methods, mouse bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and post-column reaction analysis of PSP toxins, failed to show the toxicity of any strain. Strains grown at 14 8C were also negative for PSP toxins by HPLC-FLD. However, strains grown at 20 8C exhibited both a response characteristic of the presence of toxin-inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, as demonstrated in a neuroblastoma neuro- 2a cell-based assay, as well as hemolytic activity in a sheep red blood cell assay